The History of the Lottery
Lottery is a type of gambling where people place bets on numbers that are randomly selected to win cash prizes. The odds of winning are usually very low. People who play the lottery often donate a portion of their winnings to charities or other good causes. The lottery has long been an important source of income for many governments and can be used to finance a variety of public projects. Some examples of public lotteries include a competition to determine the best college draft pick for a professional sports team, or a contest to see who can fill a specific job role such as a police officer or firefighter.
In Cohen’s telling, the modern incarnation of state lotteries began in the nineteen-sixties when growing awareness of how much money could be made through gambling and an increasingly troubled era for state budgeting intersected. States that had provided generous social safety nets found themselves facing a choice between raising taxes or cutting services, both of which proved very unpopular with voters.
Lotteries grew popular as a way to help solve this problem, and the idea was embraced by some of the nation’s most influential leaders. Thomas Jefferson, for example, considered them “not riskier than farming,” and Alexander Hamilton understood that most people “would prefer a small chance to a great deal.”
But as with all gambling, the chances of winning are very slim, and most players are aware of that when they buy a ticket. And as with all commercial products, lottery sales rise when economic conditions are poor or unemployment is high and decline when they do better. It’s also no secret that lottery advertising tends to be heaviest in poor, black and Latino neighborhoods.
In the beginning, legalization advocates for state-run gambling argued that since people were going to gamble anyway, government might as well profit from it. This argument, as Cohen points out, disregarded long-standing ethical objections to the practice, and gave moral cover to those who approved of lotteries for other reasons.
Ultimately, though, the real story behind lotteries is about class and society. While there’s certainly an inextricable human urge to gamble, lottery organizers know that it’s not just about the money; they’re selling dreams of instant riches to a population that is struggling with inequality and limited social mobility. In an age where the only surefire route to prosperity is climbing up the corporate ladder, the lottery offers a dream of escape that’s both seductive and dangerous. And, of course, it helps to have a really big prize. And a big prize means that you’ll need to sell more tickets. And more tickets mean that you’ll have to spend more on marketing. And more money spent on marketing means that there’s a higher likelihood that the jackpot will be won by someone from outside of your immediate community. And that can lead to all sorts of ethical problems.